Outlines of Effective Presentations (Writing II)

OUTLINES OF EFFECTIVE PRESENTATIONS

Ms. Euis Yanah M., M.Pd

1. Opening

Greeting, name, position

Good afternoon everybody. May name ‘s (sebutkan nama) ……… I’m the students of STAI Al-Husa.

Ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such

a distinguished audience.

Good afternoon. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I

started out in …..

Welcome to GR College. I know I’ve met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I haven’t, my name’s ….

Title/Subject

I’d like to talk (to you) today about …..

I’m going to present the recent…..

explain our position on …..

brief you on…..

inform you on …..

describe…..

The subject of talk

focus presentation

topic paper (academic)

speech (usually to public audience)

Purpose/Objective

We are here today to decide….

agree…..

learn about …..

The purpose of this talk is to update you on …..

put you in the picture about …..

give you the background to …..

This talk is designed to act as a springboard for discussion.

start the ball rolling.

Length

I shall/will only take ….minutes of your time.

I plan to be brief.

This should only last ….minutes.

Outline/Main parts/points

I’ve divided my presentation into four parts/sections.

They are …..

The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ….

We can break this area down into the following fields:

Firstly/first of all…..

Secondly/then/next…..

Thirdly/and then we come to…..

Finally/lastly/last of all…..

Questions

I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.

If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.

Please interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying. Otherwise,

there’ll be time for discussion at the end.

Introductions can become repetitive. It’s important to have a choice of words and expressions at your fingertips.

2. Common words and phrases

* Signpost Expressions:

Shown below are some common signpost expressions:

Making Transitions First, I’d like to talk about…. Now, I’d like to move on the…. Next, let me describe…. I’d now like to turn to….. Finally let me explain….	Giving Examples For example….. For instance…… Such as
Listing Items First… Second… Third… The first…. The second…. The third… First…. Next…. Then…. After that…. Finally…. One…. Another…. The other….	Concluding In conclusion…. In summary…. To conclude
Highlighting In particular Especially	Generalizing Usually Generally As a rule
	Summarizing To sum up In brief In short

Connecting Words:

Connecting words are used to connect sentences and ideas. Using them makes it easier for the listener to follow and understand what you are saying. Some common types of connectors are:

Reason/Result		Contrast	Addition
Because… Since…. Because of… As a result	….so…. Therefore,… Consequently,… That’s why.	…but… Although…. However,….	…and… Also,… In addition, ….

3. Closing

Common expressions included in ending a presentation

Signaling the end

That brings me to the end of my presentation.

That completes my presentation.

Before I stop/finish, let me just say….

That covers all I wanted to say today.

Summarizing

Let me just run over the key points again.

I’ll briefly summarize the main issues.

To sum up…

Briefly….

Inviting questions

I’d be glad to try and answer any questions.

So, let’s throw it open to questions.

Any questions?

Concluding

As you can see, there are some very good reasons…..

In conclusion….

I’d like to leave you with the following thought/idea.

Recommending

So, I would suggest that we …..

I’d like to propose….. (more formal)

In my opinion, the only way forward is …..

Closing

Thank you for your attention.

Thank you for listening.

I hope you will have gained an insight into….

4. Ten steps on how to overcome anxiety.

1. Know the room - become familiar with the place in which you will speak. Arrive early and walk around the room including the speaking area. Stand at the lectern, speak into the microphone. Walk around where the audience will be seated. Walk from where you will be seated to the place where you will be speaking.

2. Know the Audience - If possible, greet some of the audience as they arrive and chat with them. It is easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.

3. Know Your Material - If you are not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase. Practice your speech or presentation and revise it until you can present it with ease.

4. Learn How to Relax - You can ease tension by doing exercises. Sit comfortable with your back straight. Concentrate on your stomach, breathe in slowly, hold your breath for 4 to 5 seconds, then slowly exhale. To relax your facial muscles, open your mouth and eyes wide, then close them tightly.

5. Visualize Yourself Speaking - Imagine yourself walking confidently to the lectern as the audience applauds. Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear and assured. When you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful.

6. Realize People Want You To Succeed - All audiences want speakers to be interesting, stimulating, informative and entertaining. They want you to succeed - not fail.

7. Don't apologize For Being Nervous - Most of the time your nervousness does not show at all. If you don't say anything about it, nobody will notice. If you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you'll only be calling attention to it. Had you remained silent, your listeners may not have noticed at all.

8. Concentrate on Your Message - not the medium - Your nervous feelings will dissipate if you focus your attention away from your anxieties and concentrate on your message and your audience, not yourself.

9. Turn Nervousness into Positive Energy - the same nervous energy that causes stage fright can be an asset to you. Harness it, and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.

10. Gain Experience - Experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking. Most beginning speakers find their anxieties decrease after each speech they give.